NEC ECC: Under clause 45.1 what is the cost to the Employer of having a defect corrected?

Under Clause 45.1 the Project Manager “…assesses the cost to the Employer of having a Defect corrected by other people…”

What costs is the Employer able to recover? Is it
(a) solely the amount actually paid to other people to carry out the works required?
or
(b) the sums involved in (a) plus any time or associated costs incurred in the preparation of quotations/tenders; road closures etc for the works?

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The answer is (b) - any costs to the Employer in having other people correct the Defect.