The relevant European Court of Justice cases are as follows:
· Case 45/87R, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Ireland;
· Case 194/88R, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Italy;
· Case C-272/91R, Commission of the European Communities v Italian Republic;
· Case 87/94R, Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium;
· Case C-236/95, Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic;
· Case C-76/97 Walter Togel v Niederosterreichische Gebietskrankenkasse;
· Case C-81/98, Alcatel Austria v Bundeministerium fr Wissenschaft und Verkehr;
· Case T-169/00R, Esedra Sprl v Commission.